Evaluation of dysplasia of the hip (children with DDH, adolescents, and adults)

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital anomaly, characterized by insufficient development of coxofemoral joints and concomi- tant laxity of the capsule-binding system, which may result in partial or total loss of coxofemoral joint relationships [1, 2]. It is the most common osteoarticular defor- mity, presents a predilection for female sex with a female/male ratio of 61. The incidence varies between 0.7% and 2.5%, and it is very common in the north Italy, France, Spain, and the Balkans where the incidence stands at 2–4%. Incidence is significantly lower in African and Asian patients [3, 4]. In 45% of cases, it is bilateral and associ- ated with other congenital malformations such as clubfoot. DDH often leads to early degenerative hip arthritis if not treated [5].